The Media Made a Martyr

In the movie "They Won't Forget," the story follows the press and police investigation of the murder of a young girl, Mary Clay, in a Southern town on Confederate Memorial Day. The story is actually based on the true story of even-younger girl, Mary Phagan. In the movie, the justice system and the press both seek their own gain rather than justice for the young late Mary Clay.

After the discovery of Mary Clay's body in the elevator shaft by the school janitor, the janitor is arrested on suspicion of murder. Although, due to it being a heavily-Confederate-proud Southern town, I suspect the quick arrest of the janitor was also because he was a black man.

The movie, unfortunately, breezed over his arrest.

As the story develops, a viewer can see that there's a high competition for a conviction rather than the correct conviction in both the local newsroom, the police station, and the district attorney's office. The reporter feed on and published gossip while the police and DA executed some form of an investigation.

I personally thought there wasn't much of an investigation. The officers relied on the gossip that the reporter relayed to them before publication.

Eventually, Clay's professor, Robert Hale, was arrested for the murder on hearsay and gossip the reporter got from Emogen Mayfield, a classmate of Clay's that claimed to have been a friend. The cops had gotten the information that Clay had liked Hale from the reporter, who'd gotten it from Mayfield. 

When the police went to arrest Hale, he was receiving a freshly-cleaned coat from a boy. When asked about why the coat had to be cleaned, the boy said it was because of a red stain that he suspected was either blood or juice. 

Quickly after his arrest, Hale's wife is bombarded by reporters invading her home and overwhelming her with information that her husband had been officially arrested and charged. They even use her as someone only able to give a "money shot" to the point that she's photographed while she's fainting.

After Mrs. Hale faints, the reporters illegally and unethically search the home for long-shot items of evidence. One reporter even steals a photo or a paper slip while a female reporter tries to coax information out of the wife on the basis that it was just a woman-to-woman conversation.

The media across the nation gets word of the events occurring in the town. Outlets keep stoking the fire and riling up divide and pushing for an angle that only is prejudicial of Mr. Hale. The stories are spun out of context so far that the conflict is nicknamed a pseudo-Civil War between the Southerners and the Northerners. 

It grows worse after a New York detective comes down to figure out the truth behind the dramatic reports. The locals and legal system are skeptical of the new New Yorker in town and are cold to him and the families of the Hales as they arrive and the trial commences.

The trial is filled with speculation and reporters creating daily headlines out of the court day. The janitor is used as a "significant" witness in an already-weak case.

Unfortunately, Hale was convicted with what seemed to be an unanimous guilty verdict. 

Hale's lawyers tried getting him to a safer prison away from the town to serve his sentence but the train they were traveling in was stopped by an angry mob.

The mob forced the lawyers away and kidnapped Hale. The movie only implies the manner of Hale's death. The movie also ends on a somber and angry note from Hale's widowed wife, calling out the reporter and district attorney for their unethical performance as members of the press and of the law, respectively.

Unfortunately, the real man depicted as Hale is still being judged after all this time with a new depiction on the stages of Broadway.

Parade (depicted right), a Broadway musical that dramatizes the same events of They Won't Forget, is more closely related to the reality of the case and people involved. For one thing, there was no school or professor or headmasters or school janitor. The conviction had been largely believed to be a false conviction.

In 1913, Mary Phagen was a 13-year-old girl (changed to 16-year old Mary Clay in the movie) who was murdered in Marietta, Georgia. She was a child laborer in the National Pencil Factory. 

Leo Frank (changed to Professor Hale) was a mechanical engineer that became the new director of the National Pencil Factory shortly before Phagen's death. He was born to a Jewish family in Texas that moved to New York, where he was raised. He gained his mechanical engineering degree in Atlanta, Georgia, and was a significant leader in the local Atlanta Jewish community.

The night watchman, Newt Lee, was the one who found Phagen in the basement. He was a black gentleman who was arrested based on very circumstantial evidence found with Phagen. In the movie, Lee was a janitor who was arrested. However, in reality, Lee was separate from the actual janitor, another black man by the name of Jim Conley.

Multiple men had been arrested for Phagen's murder but the man that faced trial was Frank. Frank had been arrested later in the same year. 

What was the same in the movie was that Conley's testimony was vital in the convicting of Frank (below, left). He claimed that Frank forced him to be an accomplice in the murder. Today, it's believed that Conley was the actual killer of the young Phagen (below, right).

Frank originally was sentenced to death but the Georgia governor changed it into being a life sentence due to lack of evidence. It was true that the media was heavily engaged in the trial, so much so that the trial was nicknamed a "trial of the century." While the movie said the reporters called Hale guilty, the reality is that the local media said that Frank's guilty conviction was a tragedy.

It was the rest of the country that despised Frank and supported the weak guilty conviction. Hate and anti-semitism rose against him as well as the jewish community.

Unfortunately, the movie did get something right. Two years after his conviction, a group of armed men kidnapped Frank and lynched him in Marietta, Georgia, where the trial had been. Additionally, the lynchers were never brought to justice.

The Anti-Defamation League was created due to Frank's case and trial. The Ku Klux Klan was also revived around the same time.

It wasn't until 1986 that Leo Frank was pardoned for the murder of Mary Phagen
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Learned EOTO: Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass (right), born February 1818 in Maryland, was a well-known abolitionist, early suffragist, publisher, orator, writer and former slave. 

Douglass was very vocal in his anti-slavery speak. He published and spoke about abolishing slavery quickly after escaping his own slavery. He was even a leader in the abolition movement before and after the Civil War up until his death in 1895. 

In the realm of journalism, he stood out as a mixed black man, as a man who denounced the practice of slavery, sought out justice of human rights, and for having a New York newspaper under the name The North Star.

The name of this paper, first issued in 1847, was a reference to slavery. Polaris, nicknamed and popularly known as "The North Star," was a significant guide to many escaped slaves searching for their permanent freedom. Polaris was the marker for slaves to head north. Douglass' paper hoped to facilitate expanding the range of permanent freedom farther south.

Soon after starting up The North Star (left), Douglass gained two other papers. In 1851, through a merger, Douglass created the Frederick Douglass’ Paper. In 1859, he started publishing Douglass’s Monthly, which published editions only monthly. Once the Civil War began and his recruitment efforts of black soldiers, Douglass was forced to stop printing and publishing by 1863. 

After the war, Douglass ran one last newspaper called The New National Era from 1870 to 1874. 

While Douglass is best known for his civil rights movement in abolition and suffrage, he remains a significant early figure for using journalism and publication as a means of gaining justice and equality between the races and between the genders.

Why Use Journalism for Justice?

When you don't see yourself in media, it shouldn't come as a surprise if you find a drive by making yourself part of representation.

It's the same in journalism. It's the same in the legal system. It's the same in TV shows and movies. Everyone wants to be represented or simply understood in media or in the career they want to be in. 

TV and movies have moved into creating more visual representation and using minority actors, like Native Americans or darker-skinned Mexicans. However, journalism stays following the big story at the risk of maintaining the media outlet or the specialization of journalism, legally and financially.

One such risk was the famed Weinstein exposé. 

Between the 1990s and 2015, victims of a then-major Hollywood executive, Harvey Weinstein, were not heard. Allegations of sexual misconduct, abuse and harassment, and rape kept popping up. Weinstein and his team kept buying their silence.

It took one journalist to give these women their voices back, regardless if they went public or never spoke about the events. In 2016, Ronan Farrow (left), then at NBC, began his investigation into Weinstein, unknowingly being followed by men hired by a private Israeli intelligence company called Black Cube. 

NBC claims to have never had the need to run Farrow's Weinstein expose because Farrow hadn't had enough sources to publish the story. Farrow claims that NBC actually kept killing his story before he could get any new sources.

Farrow and coworkers working on the investigation quickly grew frustrated at the story being caught and killed before editing. It wasn't long before Farrow left NBC for The New Yorker in 2017.

The New Yorker published Farrow's investigation within the same year under the name From Aggressive Overtures To Sexual Assault, Harvey Weinstein's Accusers Tell Their Stories.

A second exposé quickly followed from The New York Times writing that Weinstein paid off his accusers.

Et voila. 

Weinstein was charged in May 2018 in New York with rape and a number of other charges. He was convicted in February 2020 for the criminal sex act of forcibly performing oral sex and rape in the third degree. He's been sentenced to 23 years in prison in the state of New York.

Had Farrow not called out Weinstein through the power of the press, the numerous women with allegations may have never seen some form of justice.

I want to give people their voices back. I was one of those little kids that never truly saw herself in the media or being reported on with a positive light as so many white people had while I grew up to today. 

On the right, a graph shows that even in 2022, white representation overcame all other minorities at over 50% of media. A majority of minorities, including my own, don't break double digit percentages.

I may not look like it, but I am of Mexican decent. I never saw a Mexican on the shows and movies I watched as a kid.

In 2018, Trump exclusively called the immigrants of Latin-American decent at the southern U.S border "rapists and drug dealers" and generalized them as all "Mexicans." That's no truth.

I chose journalism to publish the truth, which seems to be fading behind gossip and entertainment media. I want to publish the actual truth about people as individuals and to erase often-harmful generalizations of minorities.

Justice can be achieved by journalism. It just needs to be used appropriately, ethically, and morally.